Volume 20, Issue 1 February 2024

Demand or Supply? Price Adjustment Heterogeneity during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

We study price-setting behavior and subjective perceptions in German firm-level survey data to infer the relative importance of supply and demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Demand shortages dominate at the onset of the pandemic. A reported negative impact of COVID-19 on current business is associated with a rise in the probability to decrease prices up to 10 percentage points in this episode. Supply forces gain in importance during the ensuing sudden surge in inflation and firms perceive goods supply shortages as most restrictive. Firms adversely affected during the early inflation decline show no higher probability of price increases.

Authors

  • Almut Balleer
  • Sebastian Link
  • Manuel Menkhoff
  • Peter Zorn

JEL codes

  • E31
  • E32
  • E60
  • D22

Other papers in this issue

Simona Malovana and Martin Hodula and Zuzana Gric

Gaston Gelos and Federico Grinberg and Shujaat Khan and Tommaso Mancini-Griffoli and Machiko Narita and Umang Rawat

Olivier de Bandt and Bora Durdu and Hibiki Ichiue and Yasin Mimir and Jolan Mohimont and Kalin Nikolov and Sigrid Roehrs and Jean-Guillaume Sahuc and Valerio Scalone and Michael Straughan

Fabian Fink and Lukas Frei and Thomas Maag and Tanja Zehnder

Christopher Ball and Nicolas Groshenny and Özer Karagedikli and Murat Özbilgin and Finn Robinson