Volume 21, Issue 2 April 2025

Monetary Policy Transmission amid Demand Reallocations

Abstract

Large swings in the expenditure shares of goods and services at the start of the pandemic have contributed to the inflation surge, posing new challenges for monetary policy. Using a multisector model featuring upward labor adjustment frictions, we analyze the transmission of monetary policy during a demand reallocation episode, focusing on sectoral heterogeneity in inflation and output responses. Following an unexpected contractionary monetary policy shock, expanding sectors primarily respond by lowering prices, while contracting sectors reduce output more significantly. At the aggregate level, monetary policy is thus more effective at curbing inflation when a larger proportion of sectors are expanding or expected to be expanding in the near future.

Authors

  • Julien Bengui
  • Lu Han
  • Gaelan MacKenzie

JEL codes

  • E31
  • E52

Other papers in this issue

Richard K Crump and Stefano Eusepi and Domenico Giannone and Eric Qian and Argia Sbordone

Thiago R T Ferreira and Nils Gornemann and Julio L Ortiz

Margherita Bottero and Stefano Schiaffi

Jean-Paul L’Huillier and Gregory Phelan

Wolfgang Lechthaler and Mewael F Tesfaselassie