Volume 22, Issue 2 April 2026

Details Matter: Loan Pricing and Transmission of Monetary Policy in the Euro Area

Abstract

Does the maturity of the relevant risk-free rate influence the strength of monetary policy pass-through to interest rates on new loans? To address this question, we present novel empirical evidence on lending practices across all euro-area countries, using AnaCredit data covering nearly 7 million new loans issued to nonfinancial corporations in 2022–23. We document substantial variation in (i) the prevalence of fixed- versus floating-rate loans, (ii) rate fixation periods, and (iii) reference rates. This variation results in lending rates being exposed to different segments of the risk-free rate yield curve which, in turn, influence their sensitivity to monetary policy changes. We show that loans linked to shorter-maturity risk-free rates experience more pronounced monetary pass-through. Importantly, this effect is not purely mechanical, as part of the effect is offset by adjustments in the premium, revealing previously less-explored heterogeneity in the pass-through to lending rates.

Authors

  • Kārlis Vilerts
  • Sofia Anyfantaki
  • Konstantīns Beņkovskis
  • Sebastian Bredl
  • Massimo Giovannini
  • Florian Matthias Horky
  • Vanessa Kunzmann
  • Tibor Lalinský
  • Athanasios Lampousis
  • Elizaveta Lukmanova
  • Filippos Petroulakis
  • Klāvs Zutis

JEL codes

  • E52
  • E43
  • G21
  • E58

Other papers in this issue

Olivier De Jonghe and Konstantīns Beņkovskis and Karolis Bielskis and Diana Bonfim and Margherita Bottero and Tamás Briglevics and Martin Cesnak and Mantas Dirma and Marina Emiris and Pálma Filep-Mosberger and Valentin Jouvanceau and Nicholas Kaiser and Dmitry Khametshin and Tibor Lalinský and Viola M. Grolmusz and Laura Moretti and Artūrs Jānis Nikitins and Angelo Nunnari and Maria Rodriguez-Moreno and Elitsa Stefanova and Lajos Tamás Szabó and Kārlis Vilerts and Sujiao Emma Zhao

Aurélien Espic and Lisa Kerdelhué and Julien Matheron

Niall McInerney and Martin O’Brien and Michael Wosser and Luca Zavalloni

Bruno Albuquerque and Martin Iseringhausen and Frederic Opitz

Andrew B. Martinez and Alexander D. Schibuola and David Beckworth