Volume 22, Issue 3 July 2026

QE: Implications for Bank Risk-Taking, Profitability, and Systemic Risk

Abstract

In the aftermath of the subprime mortgage bubble, the Federal Reserve implemented large-scale asset purchase (LSAP) programs that aimed to increase bank liquidity and lending. The excess liquidity created by quantitative easing (QE), in turn, may have stimulated bank risk-taking in search of higher profits. Using comprehensive data on balance sheets, risk measures, and daily market returns in the U.S., we investigate the link between QE, bank risk-taking, profitability, and systemic risk. We find heterogeneous effects across different rounds of QE. In particular, during the third round of QE, banks that were more exposed to unconventional monetary policy through mortgage-backed securities (MBS) purchases increased their risk-taking behavior and profitability. However, these banks also reduced their contribution to systemic risk, indicating that the implementation of QE had an overall stabilizing effect on the banking sector. These results highlight the different distributional effects of QE.

Authors

  • Supriya Kapoor
  • Adnan Velic

JEL codes

  • E52
  • E58
  • G21

Other papers in this issue

Daniel Santabárbara and Marta Suárez-Varela

Davor Kunovac and Diego Rodriguez Palenzuela and Yiqiao Sun

Zuzana Fungáčová and Eeva Kerola and Olli-Matti Laine

Stéphane Adjemian and Nikola Bokan and Matthieu Darracq Pariès and Georg Müller and Srečko Zimic

Francesca Carapella and Jin-Wook Chang and Sebastian Infante and Melissa Leistra and Arazi Lubis and Alexandros P. Vardoulakis